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BRIEF OUTLINES IN 
EUROPEAN HISTORY 



A SYLLABUS DESIGNED 
FOR THE USE OF STU- 
DENTS ^ IN ^ HISTORY, 
COURSE 2, UNIVERSITY 
OF MICHIGAN 



BY 
EARLE WILBUR DOW 



ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE WAHR 
1896 



BRIEF OUTLINES 



IN 



European History 



A Syllabus Designed for the Use of Students in History 
Course 2, University of Michigan 



BY 

EARLE WILBUR DOW 



^iaZ>lLr«t>< 



'«»9e»««*° 



ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE WAHR 
i8q6 



^''l; 
■^-i'-' 



7 N'02 



TEAlSrSITIOIvr PEEIOD. 

c. 1300-C. 1560. 



Bibliographies. — Adams, Andre-ws, Fishei; Schaff, as in earlier lists. Fisher, 
appended to his The reformation. 

Maps and Tables. — Colbeck, Droyscn, Freeman, Gardinei, Putzger, Spriaier- 
Alenke, as in earlier lists. Very clear and useful maps are those here and there in 
Durity's History of France, and in Kitchin. Consult also Lamed, History for ready 
reference, especiall}' the following: (i), Ethnographic map of modern Europe, I, 
preceding title page; (2), Four development maps of Austria, I, 196; (3), Ethno- 
graphic map of Austria-Hungary, I, 197; (4), Four development maps of Asia 
Minor and the Balkan peninsula, I, 242; (5), Map of Burgundy under Charles 
the Bold, I, 332; (6), Four maps of France, II, 1168; (7), Two maps of Italy, HI, 
1S04; (8), Map of the Mongol empire, HI, 2223; (9), Two maps of central 
Europe, IV, 2458; (10) Four development maps of Spain, IV, 2976. 

For genealogical tables and lists of sovereigns consult Duriiy, Modern times 
(duplicate shelves); George, Genealogical tables; Gardiner, Student's history of 
England (i. 10. 3. 5.); Lamed, History for ready reference, supplement, vol. V, 
(catalogue desk); Ploetz, Epitome of universal history. The tables in Larned 7ix& 
on pages 3857-3883, and those of special value for course 2 are numbers 3, 7, 8, 
13 and 18 to 22. See Bryce for parallel-column statement of popes and emperors. 

Histories. — Adams, Alzog, Andrews, Brita^inica, Bryce, Creightoti, Draper, 
Fisher, Gardiner, Gieseler, Gilman, Guizot, Hallam, Henderson, Kitchin, Lea's His- 
tory of the inquisition in the middle ages, May, Michelet, Milman, Myers, Neander, 
Ploetz, Ransome, Schaff, Stephen, Zimmern, — as in earlier lists. 

Ashley, James and Philip van Artevelde (i. 16. 5. 4.). Audi/i, Life of Luther 
(3. II. 5. 3.). Baird, Rise of the Huguenots of France (l. 14. 2. 4.) Beard, Hib- 
bert lectures, 1883: the reformation of the i6th century (3. 11. 5. 3.); Martin 
Luther (3. 11. 5. 4.). Besant, Coligny (i. 14. 2. 4.). Biaigetier, Calvin, his life, 
labors and writings (3. il. 5. 5.). Burke, History of Spain (i. 17. 3. 2.). Clark, 
The life of Savonarola (l. 17. 2. 3.). Coignet, A gentleman of the olden time, 
1509-1571, (i. 14. 2. 4.). Coppee, Conquest of Spain (i. 17. 3. I.). Creasy, His- 
tory of the Ottoman Turks (l. 17. 4. 3.). UAtibigni, History of the reformation 
(3. II. 5. 5.) Draper, Intellectual development of Europe (duplicate shelves). 
Z?«r//j', History of France; History of modern times; (duplicated shelves). Fisher, 
The reformation (duplicate shelves). Froude, Life and letters of Erasmus (dupli- 
cateshelves); Luther (3. 11. 5. 3.); Short studies, series I and 2, (1.9. 4. 4.), Green 



History of the English people; Short history of the English people; (l. lo. 3. 4.). 
Hditsser, Period of the reformation (i. 9. 5- 7-). Kostlin, Life of Luther (3. 1 1. 5- 3-)- 
Lane-Poole, Moors in Spain (i. 17. 3. I.). Lavisse, General view of the political 
history of Europe (l. 10. I. 6.) Lodge, History of modern Europe (l. 10. i. 6.). 
Michelet, Life of Luther (3. II. 5. 3.)- Oman, The Byzantine empire (i. 9. 2. 7.)- 
Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella (i. 17. 3. 3.). Quick, Educational reformers (5. 
6. 3. 4.)- Ranke, History of the popes (3. 11. 4. 2.). Retunont, Lorenzo de Medici 
(i. 17. 2. 3.) Robertson, Charles the Fifth, edited by Prescott, (i. 17. 3. 3.). 
Scaife, Florentine life during the renaissance (i. 17. 2. 3.). Seebohm, Era of the 
protestant reformation (duplicate shelves). Sis/itondi, Italian republics (l. 17. I. 
2.). Sohni, Outlines of church history (3. 11. 3. 6.). Strauss, Ulrich von Hutten 
(3. II. 5. 3.). Symonds, Age of despots; Short history of the renaissance in Ital}', 
by Pearson; (3. 10. 4. 3.). Ullinanit, Reformers before the reformation (3. II. 
5. 2.). Villari, Life of Savonarola (i. 17. 2. 3.); Machiavelli (i. 17. 2. I.). IVace 
and Bucheim, Luther's three primary works (3. II. 5- 3 )• 

I. General Features. 

1. Decline of mediaevalism. 

Seebohm, part I, ii. 

a. Evidences. 

b. Causes. 

2. Beginnings of modern times. 

a. Evidences in general. 

Seebohm, part I, in i. 

b. Survey of Europe in the 13th century. 

II. Formation of the Great States. 

Seebohm, part II, iii. 
France and England. 

I. Rise of modern monarchy in France. 

Adams, in xiii. 

a. New character of the monarchy. 

b. Philip IV (1285-1314). 

Duruy, pp. 369-3S4; History of France, xxvi. Kitchiti, pp. 364-393. 

1. His principle of action. 

2. His wars. 

3. Struggle against the papacy. 



— 4 — 
Diiruy, pp. 371-379. Kitchin, pp. 370-388. 

a. Causes. 

b. Occasion. 

c. Features. 

4. The States General (1302). 

Duruy, p. 371. 

5. Destruction of the Templars. 

Diinty, pp. 380-382. Kitchin, pp. 388-391. 

6. Other measures. 

c. The last direct Capetians (1314-1328). 

Louis X (1314-1316), Philip V (1316-1322), Charles IV (1322- 
1328). 

d. Administration, central and provincial. 

1. The Grand Council. 

2. The three councils. 

a. Grand Council. 

b. Parlement. 

c. Chamber of Accounts. 

3. Provincial administration in the North. 

e. Progress of the royal power. 

2. England under Edward I (1272-1307). 

a. The central power and the administration. 

b. The parliament. 

3. The hundred years' war. 

Duruy xxvii. Kitchin, pp. 403-571. Gardiner, passim xv, xix, xx. 
Green, passim, v, vi. 

a. Beginnings. 

1. Historical relations between France and England. 

2. Specific questions at issue. 

3. Resources of the combatants. 

a. England. 

b. France. 



— 5 — 

c. Military organization. 
b. Leading features. 

1. From the beginning to the treaty of Betigni (1337- 

1360. 

Duruy, History of France, xxviii, xxix. 

a. Battles of Sluys (1339), Crecy (1346), Poitiers 

(1356); capture of Calais (1347). 

b. Characters of Philip VI (1328-1350), and 

John II (1350-1364). 

c. Social and political conditions. 

d. Marcel and the bourgeoisie. 

Kitchin, pp. 445-460. 

e. Jacquerie: uprisings of the peasants. 

Kitchin, pp. 456-457. 

f. Treaty of Bretigni. 

Kitchin, pp. 460-463. 

2. From treaty of Bretigni to death of Charles V 

(1380). 
Duruy, History of France, xxix, xxx. 

a. Character and policy of Charles V (i 364-1 380). 

Kitchin, pp. 466-474; 482-485. 

b. Reestablishment of peace. 

I.) The "great companies." 
2.) Reforms. 

c. War against the English (1369-1380). 

I.) Peace of Bretigni broken. 
2.) English expeditions. 
3.) French success. 

3. France and England during the truce (1380-1415). 

a. France. 

Durny, History of France, xxxi. 



— 6 — 

) Democratic uprisings and their repression. 
) Madness of Cliarles VI (1380-1422). 
) Government by the king's uncles. 
) The house of Burgundy. 
) Quarrel between Armagnacs and Bur- 
i{undians. 



b. England. 

I.) Consequences of the war. 
2.) Rise of the Lancasters. 

4. The war in the 15th century. 

Diiruy, History of France, xxxi-xxxiii. 

a. Causes of renewal. 

b. Invasion of Henry V. 

c. French reverses. 

I.) Agincourt (141 5). 

2.) Treaty of Troyes (1420). 

d. French revival and success. 

I.) The English regency. 
2.) Joan of Arc. 

Kit chin, pp. 536-553- 

3.) End of the war (1453). 
c. France and England at close of the war. 

1. Conditions in France. 

Duruy, pp. 437-442. 

a. The country in ruin. 

b. Rebuilding of the royal power. 

c. General reforms. 

d. French feudalism. 

2. Conditions in England. 

a. Limitations of the royal power. 

Duruy, pp. 433-437- 

b. Decline of the house of Lancaster. 



Germany and the Empire, 1250-1519. 

Ditruy, in xxx. 

1. In general. 

2. The Great Interregnum (12 54-1 2 7 3). 

a. Its anarchical features. 

b. The Hanseatic League. 

3. Rise of the Hapsburgs and the freedom of the Swiss. 

a. Rudolph of Hapsburg (12 73-1 291). 

1. Object in choosing him. 

2. His policy. 

b. Adolph of Nassau (i 291-1298). 

1. Reason for choosing him. 

2. His policy. 

c. The Swiss win freedom (130S-1388). 

1. Motives of the Swiss. 

2. League of Brunnen (1308). 

3. Battles of Mortgarten (13 15), Sempach (1386), 

Nafels (1388). 

4. Luxemburg Bavaria. 

a. Henry VII, of Luxemburg, (1308-13 13). 

b. Lewis, of Bavaria, (13 14-1347). 

c. Charles IV, of Luxemburg, (1347-1378). 

The Golden Bull (1356). 

Henderson, pp. 220-261. 

d. Wenzel, of Luxemburg, (13 7 8-1 400). 

e. Rupert, of Bavaria, (1400-1410). 

/. Sigismund, of Luxemburg, (1410-1437). 

War of the Hussites. Sale of margraviate of Brandenburg to 
Frederic of Hohenzollern. 

5. Dynasty of the Hapsburgs (1438). 

a. Final establishment under Albert II (1438-1440). 

b. The imperial power under Albert. 

c. Frederic III (1440-1493). 



1. What he did not do. 

2. What he did. 

d. Maximilian (1493-15 19). 

1. Personal characteristics. 

2. Measures for development of imperial power. 

Diet of 1495. 

a. The "districts." 

b. The Imperial Chamber. 

c. The Aulic Council. 

3. Results of his work. 
Italy, 1 2 70-1494. 

Duruy. in x.xix. 

1. General characteristics. 

a. As to the international situation. 

b. As to the situation within Italy. 

1. Anarchy; age of despots. 

2. Economic prosperity. 

3. Intellectual activity. 

2. Special characteristics. 

a. Papacy and the states of the church. 

b. The two Sicilies. 

c. Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany. 

d. The maritime republics. 

e. Economic Italy. 

1. General features. 

2. Agriculture. 

3. Manufacturing and trading. 

4. The Italian bankers. 

States of Western Europe at End of i^th Century. 

1. In general. 

2. France. 

Lodge, pp. 21-25. Duruy, Modern times, ii; History of France, xxxiv- 
xxxvi. 



— 9 — 

a. Under Louis XI (1461-1483). 

1. French royalty at beginning of Louis' reign. 

a. Its new power. 

b. Its problem. 

c. The new king. 

2. Policy. 

3. Struggle against nobility in general. 

4. Struggle against house of Burgundy in particular. 

5. Results. 

a. As to territory. 

b. As to administration. 

b. Under regency of Anne of Beaujeu. Her policy and 

work. 

England. 

Dnniy, Modern times, iii. Gardiner, xxii, xxxiii. 

a. The king and the nation. 

b. Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). 

1. Cause. 

2. Consequences. 

c. The kingship under Henry VII (14S5-1509). 

1. Home policy. 

a. Object. 

b. Means. 

2. Foreign policy. 

a. Foreign alliances. 

b. Commercial treaties; maritime discoveries. 

d. Scotland at end of 15th century. 
Spain. 

Lodge, pp. 25-29. Durny, Modern times, iv. 
a. At middle of 15th century. 

1. No territorial unity. 

2. No political unity. 



3- The royal power. 

4. Necessary preliminaries of unity. 

b. Territorial unity. 

1. Civil wars. 

2. Ferdinand and Isabella. 

3. Conquest of Granada. 

c. Political unity. 

1. Means of accomplishing it. 

a. Inquistion. 

Burke, xliii. 

b" Grand Masteries. 
c. The Hermandad. 

2. Organization of absolute power. Results for 

a. Nobility. 

b. Clergy. 

c. Towns. 

d. Cortes. 

3. Policy abroad. 

d. Spain united. 

1. Death of Isabella (1504). 

2. Ximenes (1506-15 16). 

3. Charles I (1516-1519). 

e. Portugal. 
Eastern Europe. 

1. At beginning of 14th century. 

a. In general. 

b. Origin and rise of the Ottomans. 

c. The Greek Empire after 1261. 

d. Servians, Bulgarians, Roumanians. 

e. The Hungarians. 

2. The Turks in Europe. 

a. Causes of their progress. 

b. First period of conquest. 



— II — 

c. Second period of conquest. 

3. Russia. 

a. Conversion to Greek Christianity. 

b. Mongol domination. 

c. Freeing of Russia under Ivan the Great (1462-1505). 

4. Poland. 

a. Rivalry with neighbor states. 

b. Interior anarchy. 

Northern Europe. 

1. Denmark to the Union of Calmar. 

2. Sweden and Norway to Union of Calmar. 

3. Union of Calmar (1397). 

III. The Church and the Papacy . 

Firher, pp. 38-83. Duniy, xxxii. Adams, xvi. 

1. Papal triumph. 

a. Overthrow of Hohenstaufen. 

b. Triumph over Anjou. 

c. The canon-law. 

d. Mendicant orders. 

e. Jubilee of 1300. 

2. Papal decline. 

a. Struggle of Boniface with Philip the Fair. 

b. Captivity of Babylon (i 309-1 378). 

1. Significance. 

2. Features. 

a. Papal fiscal policy. 

b. Wealth of the church. 

c. Consequences for temporal supremacy. 

1. Loss of prestige. 

2. Anarchy in Roman dominions. 

3. Roman Republic established. 

d. Consequences for spiritual supremacy. 



1. The Great Schism (1378-1448). 

2. Popular reform: appearance of heresies. 

a. Wycliffe in England. 

b. John Huss in Bohemia. 

3. Legal reform: great councils and the pragmatic 

sanctions. 

a. Ideas of church leaders. 

b. Council of Pisa (1409). 

c. Council of Constance (1414-1418). 

d. Council of Basel (1431-1449). 

e. The pragmatic sanctions. 

3. Apparent triumph of papacy. 
IV. The Great Inventions and Discoveries. 

Dtiruy, Modern times, xi. 

1. The great inventions. 

a. Gunpowder. 

1. Fighting tools of middle ages. 

2. Invention. 

3. Use. 

4. Consequences. 

a. Military. 

b. Social and political. 

c. Economic. 

b. Paper. 

1. Early records. 

2. Invention. 

3. Importance. 

c. Printing. 

1. Stages in invention. 

2. Consequences. 

d. The compass. 

2. The great discoveries. 



— 13 — 

a. Geographical knowledge before end of 15th century. 

b. Causes of maritime expeditions. 

1. Spirit of adventure. 

2. Religious spirit. 

3. Mercantile spirit. 

c. Agents and their work. 

1. Portuguese. 

a. Their discoveries. 

b. Establishment of a colonial empire. 

c. Decline of Portuguese empire. 

2. Spaniards. 

a. Their discoveries. 

b. Their conquests. 

c. Their administration. 

3. The French. 

4. The English. 

5. The Dutch. 

d. Consequences. 

1. Maritime. 

2. Commercial. 

3. Economic. 

4. Political. 

5. Scientific. 
V. The Renascence. 

See Syinonds, Burckhardt, Sismondi, Hallam, Schaff, Adams, xv. Duruy, 
Modern times, xii. A)idrews, xiii, §§ I-13. 

Definitions and General Ideas. 

Symonds, Age of the despots, i. Pearson, i. 

1. General use of the word. 

2. Particular use. 

3. Revival of learning. 

Premonitions. 

1. Through the mediceval period. 

2. Italy the cradle of revival. 

2 



— 14 — 

a. Reasons. 

b. Principal centers. 

3. In literature; revival of learning. 

Pearson, vii. 

a. Dante (1265-1321). 

1. Education. 

2. Life. 

3. Writings; The Divine Comedy. 

b. Petrarch (1304-1374). 

1. As a poet. 

2. As a man of affairs. 

3. As a scholar. 

c. Bocaccio (1313-1374). 

1. As a writer. 

2. As a scholar. 

4. In art. 

a. Painting. 

1. Environment of the change. 

2. Cimabue (1240— 1300). 

3. Giotto (1276-1336). 

4. Fra Angelico (1387-1455); Massacio (1401-1428). 

b. Sculpture. 

1. Encouragements for change. 

2. Ghiberti (1378-1455). 

3. Donatello (1383-1466). 

c. Architecture. 

1. Encouragements for change. 

2. Brunelleschi (1377-1444). 

The Renascence in Italy. 

I. Its political environment. 

Pearson, ii-vi. 

a. Want of political unity. 



— IS — 

1. In general. 

2. Within the different cities. 

b. The tyrannies. 

c. The republics. 

d. The church: Papal States. 

e. Machiavellisni. 

f. The Italian wars. 

1. Definition and general features. 

2. Italy's relations with other European powers. 

3. First part: French expeditions into Italy (1494- 

1516). 
Lodge, ii. Diiriiy, Modern times, vii; History of Fiance, 
xxxvii, xxxviii. 

a. First period (1494-149S). 

b. Second period (1498-1506). 

c. Third period (1506-15 14). 

d. Fourth period (15 15). 

2. Imitation of antiquity. 

Seebohni, II, i. 

a. The humanists. 
h. The libraries. 

c. The academies. 

d. The age of the Medici. 

e. Literature of imitation. 

3. In literature. 

Pearson, vii-xi. 

a. Poetry. 

1. Ariosto (1474-1535). 

2. Tasso (1544-1595). 

3. Minor poets. 

b. Prose. 

1. Machiavelli (1469-1527). 

2. Guicciardini (1482-1540). 

4. In art. 



— i6 — 

Pearson, xii. 

a. Most general representatives. 

1. Michael Angelo (1474-1564). 

2. Leonardo de Vinci (1452-1519). 

3. Benvenuto Cellini (1500-1571). 

b. Tlie schools of painting. 

1. Naturalist school of Florence; Andrea del Sarto, 

Fra Bartolomeo. 

2. The Roman school; Perugino, Raphael (1483- 

1520). 

3. I'he Lombard school; Corregio. 

4. The Venetian school; Bellini, Giorgione, Titian. 

c. Sculpture; Michael Angelo, Verrochio, Leopardi. 

d. Architecture; Bramante. 

e. Engraving. 
/. Music. 

5. Renascence morals. 

Symonds, Age of despots, in vii-ix. 

a. The popes, from Nicholas V to Clement VII, 1 447-1 534. 

b. The church. 

c. The Italians. 

d. Savonarola. 

Clark, Life of Savonarola. Symonds, Age of despots, ix. 
The Renascence beyond Ifaly. 

1. In literature and art. 

a. France. 

b. Spain; Cervantes (1547-1616). 

c. Portugal. 

d. Netherlands; the Flemish school. 

e. England; the Oxford reformers. 

Scebohvi, II, ii. 

f. Germany. 

2. In law and politics. 

3. In the sciences; Copernicus. 



— 17 — 

Draper, vol. II, vii. 

4. In philosophy and theology. 

5. Special representatives. 

a. Erasmus (1467-1536). 

Fronde, Life and letters of Erasmus; Short studies; Times of 
Erasmus and Luther. Seebohm, II, in ii. Fisher, Reformation, 
pp. 77-82. 

1. His life. 

2. His writings. 

3. Estimate of his work. 

a. As to education. 

b. As to the revival of learning. 

c. As to the reformation. 

b. Rabelais (1483-1553). 

VI. The Age of the Reformation. 

Ada'ns, xvii. Hdtssei-, Period of the reformation. Fisher, History of the 
reformation. Andreivs, viii, §§ 14-20. Sohm, division III. Beard, The 
Hibbert lectures, 1883. Ranke, History of the popes, vol. I. Kostlin, Life 
of Luther. 

New Political Features. 

1. Wars between the nations. 

2. Diplomacy. 

3. Balance of power. 

Rivahy between France and Austria: Second Part of Italian Wars. 
Lodge, iii, v. Durity, Modern times, viii-x; History of France, xxxix, xl. 

1. Power of Charles V (1519-1556). 

a. His inheritance. 

b. His election as emperor (15 19). 

2. Under Francis I (1515-1547) and Charles V. 

a. Aim of Francis. 

b. Their resources. 

c. Their wars. 

First (1520-1526); second (1526-1529); third (1535- 
1538); fourth (1542-1547). 



3- Under Henry II (1547-1559), Charles V, and Philip II 
(1556-159S). 

a. Character and policy of Henry II. 
/'. Interval of peace (1547-1552). 

c. War against Charles V (i 552-1 556). 

d. War against Philip II (i 556-1 559). Peace of Cateau 

Cambresis. 

Causes of Beform, afid Aiding Influences. 

Seebo.'im, I, iv. Symonds, Age of despots, vi-viii; Catholic reaction, vi, vii. 
Mihnati, XIII. Ranke, Popes, I, ii. 

1. Disorders and abuses in the church. 

2. Weakness of the pontifical monarchy. 

3. Strength of the political monarchy. 

4. Financial embarassments of lay princes. 

5. Social and industrial conditions; oppression of the peasantry. 

6. The renascence. 

7. Printing. 

The Lutheran Reformation in Europe. 

I. In Germany. 

Seebohm, II, iii-v; III, in i. Lodge, pp. 53-64; 80-89. 

a. Luther and the beginning of the reformation. 

Seebohm, II, iii. Hdusser, i, ii. Fisher, pp. 85-IO2. 

1. Early life and education of Luther. 

Hdusser, in i. 

2. His theological development. 

Hdusser in i and ii. 

a. Early studies; Staupitz. 

b. Justification by faith. 

3. Luther at Wittenberg. 

Hdusser, in ii. 

4. Luther at Rome. 

5. Luther and indulgences. 



— 19 — 

a. The doctrine. 

b. The practice. 

c. John Tetzel. 

d. The 95 theses. 

I.) Their purpose. 

2.) Their doctrine. 

3.) Result: general commotion. 

6. The papacy's attempts at settlement. 

a. Through Prierias. 

b. Through Cajetan. 

c. Through Miltitz. 

d. Through Eck. 

e. Through bull of excommunication. 

7. Luther's "three primary works;" he turns to the 

people. 

a. "Address to the Nobles." 

b. "The Babylonian Captivity." 

c. "Freedom of a Christian Man." 

8. Luther burns the papal bull (1520); beginning of 

a new era. 

b. First struggle between the reformation and Charles V: 
1521-1532. 

Fisher, pp. 102-135. 

1. Luther and the Diet of Worms (1521). 

Seebohm, II, iv. Hdusser, in iv. 

a. Policy of the pope. 

b. Policy of Charles V. 

c. Policy of Frederic of Saxon}-. 

d. The journey to Worms. 

e. Luther before the diet. 

f. Decree of the diet. 

2. Luther at the Wartburg:. 



IJciusser, in v. 

3. Luther's work and co-workers; Philip Melancthon. 

4. The Lutheran church; sectaries and sects. 

5. ConteiTiporary movcnicnts. 

Seebohm, III, v. 

a. Among the princes. 

IMussei; in v. 

I.) Demands for reform: Deit of Nuremberg. 

2.) Secularizations. 

3.) Struggles against iniperial unity. 

b. Among the nobles: revolution. 

I/ciusser, in vi. 

I.) Hutten. 
2.) Sickingen. 

c. Among the people: revolution. The peasants' 

war. 
Hdusser, vii. 

6. Attempts at settlement. 

a. First Diet of Spires (1526). 

Hdusser, in viii. 

b. Second Diet of Spires (1529). 

Hdusser, in ix. 

I.) Public opinion. 
2.) The decree. 
3.) The protest. 

c. Diet of Augsburg (1530). 

Hdusser, in ix. 
I.) The Augsburg Confession. 
2.) Decree of the emperor. 

7. Measures of safety: Schmalkald League. 

Hdusser, in ix. 

8. Peace of Nuremberg (1532). 



c. The struggle delayed (i 532-1 544). 

1. Reasons. 

a. Foreign wars. 

b. A second Anabaptist revolt: the Miinster 

troubles. 

2. Progress of protestantism. 

Hdusser, in xiv. 

a. Restoration in Wiirtemburg (1534). 

b. Conversion of various districts. 

3. Conciliatory policy of the emperor. 

Hdusser, xiv. 

a. Its animus. 

b. Main features. 

d. Luther and his work. 

1. His personal life. 

a. Education and training. 

b. His marriage and home life. 

c. Relations with other reformers. 

2. His character. 

a. Unfavorable pictures. 

b. Greatness and goodness. 

3. His writings. 

a. Characteristic features. 

b. The letters. 

c. The sermons. 

d. The table-talk. 

4. His influence. 

e. Last struggle between the reformation and Charles V 
(1544-1555)- 
Fisher, pp. 164-169. 

I. First war: The Schmalkald war. 
Hdusser, xv. 



22 

a. Character, strength and policy of the Schnaal- 

kald party. 

b. Maurice of Saxony. 

c. Defeat of reformers at Miihlberg (1547). 

2. Interim of Augsburg (1548.) 

Hdusser, xvi. 

3. Second war: triumph of the reformation. 

Hdusser, xvii. 

a. Charles as a victor. 

I.) His real policy. 

2.) Opposition he encountered. 

(a.) From Rome, 
(b.) From protestantism, 
(c.) From princes, 
(d.) From people. 

b. Maurice of Saxony. 

I.) His policy. 
2.) His deeds. 
3.) His importance. 

c. Convention of Passau (1552). 

4. The Peace of Augsburg (1555). 

a. Its provisions. 

b. Its influences. 

2. In the Scandinavian states. 

Seebohm, III, in iii. Fisher, pp. 170-177. Lodge, pp. 66-69. 

a. Political relations between the kingdoms. 
Hdusser, in xi. 

1. Previous to Christian II. 

a. Union of Calmar (1397). 

b. Revolt of Swedes (1448). 

2. Christian II (1512-1523). 

a. Union of Denmark and Sweden. 



— 23 — 

b. Elements supporting Christian II. 

c. Elements opposed. 

I.) At home. 
2.) Abroad. 

3. The Swedish revolt. 

b. Reform in Sweden. 

Hdusser, xii. 

1. Gustavus Vasa (1523-1560). 

a. Character and policy. 

b. Struggle with the clergy; Diet of Westeras. 

2. Progress, character and consequences. 

c. Reform in Denmark. 

Hciusser, in xi. 

1. Revolt of the nobles; choice of Frederic I. 

2. Policy of Frederic I (15 23-1 533). 

3. Diet of Odensee (1527); toleration for the new 

doctrines. 

4. Victory under Christian III (1534-1559)- 

3. In England. 

Seebohm, III, ii. Fisher, pp. 316-349. 

a. Revolt from the church. 

Hdusser, xiii. 

1. Henry VIII (1509-1547). 

a. Character and political ambitions. 

b. Relations with the church. 

2. Occasion of the revolt. 

3. The king head of the English church. 

4. Position of doctrinal reform. 

b. Reform under Edward VI (1547-1553). 

Hdusser, in xli. 

1. Change in character. 

2. Leading features. 



— 24 — 

c. Catholic reaction under Mary Tudor (i 553-1 55S). 

I2d:i;ser, in xli. 

1. Policy of the queen. 

2. Tlie persecutions. 

3. Consequences. 

d. Protestantism established under Elizabeth. 

Hausser, xlii. 

1. Political position of Elizabeth. 

2. Act of Supremacy. 

3. Act of Uniformity. 

4. The Thirty-nine Articles. 

e. The Puritans. 
4. In Eastern Europe. 

The Zzvingiia/i Refoi-maiion in Sivitzerland. 

Seebohm, III, in i. Ilausscr, x. Fisher, pp. 1 36-156. Lodge, pp. 64-66. 

1. The Swiss at beginning of i6th century. 

a. Their occupations. 

1. Industrial. 

2. Political. 

b. Foreign influence. 

c. Problem of reform movement. 

2. Zwingli and his work. 

a. Early life and education compared with Luther's. 

b. Exclusive authority of the Bible. 

c. Reform at Zurich. 

Hdusscr, in x. 

1. Character. 

2. Leading features. 

d. Reform beyond Zurich. 

e. Catholic and protestant leagues. 

/. Catastrophe of the Swiss reformation. 

g. Zwingli's theological and ecclesiastical contributions. 



— 25 — 

The Calvinistic Reformation. 
Seebohm, III, iv. 

I. John Calvin and the Genevan reformation. 

Ilausscr, xviii. Fisher, vii. Lod-^e, pp. 69-72. 

a. Youth and education of Calvin. 

b. His "Institutes" (1535). 

c. Oeneva before its Calvinist reform. 

1 . Two parties. 

2. Introduction of j)rotestantism. 

d. Calvin at Geneva. 

1. First residence. 

2. Second residence. 

3. The republican theocracy. 

e. Features of Calvinism. 

1. Doctrinal. 

a. Position of the Bible. 

b. Predestination. 

c. Sacraments. 

2. Ecclesiastical. 

3. Moral. 

4. Intolerancy; Servetus. 

5. Relations with monarchy and aristocracy. 

6. Flistorical significance. 

2. Reformation in France. 

Fisher, pp. 242-267. 

a. The church in early 16th century. 

1. Conditions among the clergy. 

2. Relations with the state; Concordat of 15 16. 

b. Under Francis I (15 15-1547). 

I. The movement in Meaux. 

a. Lefevre, Farel, Briconnet. 

b. Proafress and reverses. 



— 26 — 

2. Attitude of the king. 

a. Reasons. 

b. Vigorous measures. 

3. Influence of Calvinism. 

a. On reform movement. 

b. On the l:ing. 

4. Consequences. 

c. Under Henry II (i 547-1 559). 

1. Character and policv of the king. 

2. Progress. 

3. Organization of the French protestant churches 

{'-SS9)- 

d. The Huguenots a political party. 

Ila.'fsser, in xxv. 

1. C'atlierine de Medici. 

a. Character and ambitions. 

b. Her environment. 

2. The Guises. 

a. Their early history. 

b. Their position under Francis H (1559-1560). 

c. Their Huguenot policy. 

3. Opposition to the Guises. 

a. The Bourbons. 

b. The Chatillons. 

4. Policy of the Huguenots. 

a. Their political alliances. 

b. The conspiracy of Amboise (1560.) 

e. The Huguenots win recognition. 

Hiiusser, in xxvi. 

I. Death of Francis H. 

a. Consequences for the Guises. 

b. Consequences for Catherine. 

c. Prospects for the Huguenots. 



— 27 — 

2. L'Hospital's moderation policy. 

3. Edict of St. Germain (Jan'y 1562). 

a. Provisions. 

b. Importance. 

3. Reformation in tliC Netherlands. 

Hdiisser, in xxii. Fis'icr, pp. 285-289. 

a. Political liberties in the Netherlands. 

b. Intellectual conditions. 

c. As}'lum for various sects. 
1/. Prevalence of Calvinism. 

4. Reformation in Scotland. 

Hdusser, in xlii. Fisher, pj5. 351-380. 

a. Need of reform. 

b. Influence of political conditions. 

1. Domestic. 

2. Foreign; position of Elizabeth. 

c. John Knox. 

1. Return from continent (1559). 

2. His Calvinism. 

3. His preaching. 

d. Legal establishment of protestantism (1560). 

e. Part of Mary Queen of Scots. 

/. Final establishment of protestantism (1592). 

5. Calvinism in England. 

The Reformation in Southern Europe. 
Fisher, xi, passim. 

I. In Italy. 

Hdusser, in xix. 

a. Position of the church. 

b. Beginnings of dissatisfaction. 

c. The work of the humanists. 

d. Introduction and spread of protestantism. 



1. Its dangers. 

2. Its character and degrees. 

e. The Catholic reform party. 

1. x\im. 

2. Oratory of Divine Love. 

3. Caraffa. 

/. Its fate. 
2. In Spain. 

a. Encouragements for revoU". 

b. Introduction and spread of protestantism. 

c. Policy of tlie church. 

d. Policy of the state. 

e. Its fate. 

The CoHfita--Rcfoi!)ia/iou. 

Seebohin, III, v. Ilansser, in xix aad xx. Fisher, xi. Loil^c, vii. Diiriiy, 
xiv. 

1. Occasion. 

2. Spirit. 

3. Instruments. 

a. Council of Trent (i 545-1 563). 

Ilciusser, in xix. Syiuonds, Catholic reaction, ii. 

1. Conditions leading up to. 

a. Attitude of emperor. 

b. Attitude of the papacy. 

2. Policy of the papacy. 

3. Its deeds. 

4. Effects. 

a. On the church universal. 

b. The Roman Catholic church. 

b. The Jesuits. 

Hdnsser, in xx. Synionds, Catholic reaction, iv. 

I. Founding of the order. 



— 29 — 

a. Ignatius Loyola. 

b. Early and later objects compared. 

2. Organization and features of the order. 

a. Monarchical character. 

b. Vows. 

c. Methods. 

3. Results. 

a. As to church. 

b. As to political society. 

c. The inquisition. 

Hdusser in -xx. Syr/ionds, Catholic reaction, iii. 

1. Review of its features and early history. 

2. Introduction into Italy. 

3. Its methods. 

a. Of suppressing heretics. 

b. Of suppressing heretical books. 

4. Results. 
Consequences of the Reformation. 

Seebohm, III, in vii and viii. Fisher, xiii-xv. 

1. Religious. 

2. Intellectual. 

3. Theological. 

Fish 67', xiii. 

4. Ecclesiastical. 

Fisher, in xiv. 

5. Political. 



PEEIOD OF EELIGIOUS WARS. 

c. 1560-C. 1648. 



Bibliographies. — See the references made for the preceding period. 

Maps and Tables. — Use the atlases and tables given for the preceding period, 
and refer particularly to the map of Europe at the peace of Westphalia, in Larned, 
11, 14S6; also to two maps of central Europe, IV, 2458. 

Histories. — Andrews, Besant, Britannica, Bryce, Duruy's History of France, 
and Modern times, Fisher, Green, Guizot, Hdusser, Kitchin. Lavisse, Lodge, Alicke- 
let, Myers, Ploclz, Ra)ike, SecboJini, — as cited in preceding lists. Bain, Christina, 
queen of Sweden (i. 16. 5- 6.). Baird, The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre 
(i. 14. 2. 4.). Fletcher, Gustavus Adolphus (i. 16. 5. 6.). Gardiner, The thirty 
years' war (duplicate shelves). Geddes, History of the administration of John 
DeWitt (I. 16. 5. 4.). Gindely, History of the thirty years' war (i. 16. I. 5.). 
Alotley, Rise of the Dutch republic; History of the united Netherlands; John of 
Barneveld; (i. 16. 5. 4.). Prcscott, Philip the second (l. 17. 3. 3.). Stevens, 
Gustavus Adolphus (i. 16. 5. 6.). Wakeman, European history from 1598 to 1715 
(duplicate shelves). 

I. Spain and Religious Policy under Philip II. 

Prescott, Philip the second. Motley, Rise of the Dutch republic. Lodge, viii. 

1. The second half of the i6th century. 

a. Protestantism vs. Catholicism. 
l>. Philip II vs. Elizabeth. 

2. Philip II (1556-1598). 

a. Characteristics. 

b. Resources. 

1. Territorial. 

2. Army and navy. 

3. Leaders in war. 

4. Leaders in civil administration. 

c. Projects, 



— 31 — 

1. In general. 

2. In particular. 

3. National uiiit_v, territorial and political. 

a. Conquest of Portugal (1580). 
(■>. Suppression of the Moriscoes. 

4. Philip defender of Christianity; victory of Lepanto (1571). 

5. Attempt to restore Catholicism in Sweden. 

6. Struggle against protestantism. 

a. In France. 

1. The religious factor. 

2. I'he dynastic factor. 

/>. In England, against Elizabeth. 

1. Measures of Elizabeth. 

2. Measures of Philip. 

c. In the Netherlands. 

Haiisscr, xxi-xxiv. Fisher, pp. 289-315. 

1. The Netherlands under Charles V. 

2. Policy of Philip II. 

Hdusser, in xxi and xxii. 

a. Political; Margaret of Parma. 

b. Ecclesiastical; Granvella. 

c. Opposition of the people. 

3. Administration of Alva (1567-1573). 

Hdusser, xxiii. 

a. His doings. 

b. Emigration of Netherlanders. 

4. Administration of Requesens (i 573-1 576). 

Hdusser, in xxiv. 

a. General policy. 

b. Seige of Leyden. 

c. Pacification of Ghent (1576). 

5. Administration of Don John (1576-157S). 



Hdiisser, in xxiv. 

a. Don John of Austria. 
1). The opposition. 

6. Administration of Alexander Farnese (i 578-1 589). 

Iliiiisscr, in xmv. 

a. Disunion accomplished. 

b. Union of Utrecht (1579). 

7. Review of the Dutch leaders. 

a. William of Orange. 

b. Counts Egniont and Horn. 

c. Maurice of Nassau. 

S. Outlook for the United Provinces. 
9. The decline of Spain. 

II. Religious Wars in France. 

Baird, Rise of the Huguenots, vol. 11; Huguenots and Henry of Navarre, 
2 vols. j'/rt.YWYr, xxvi-xxix. /'"«//£/-, pp. 2G7-2S4. Lodge, ix. A'ifc-,'ii;i,\o\. 
H, booklH, pp. 283-436. 

1. Their outbreak. 

a. Reception of the " Edict of January." 

b. Massacre of Vassy. 

2. Before St. Bartholomew. 

I/dusser, in xxvi. 

a. Three wars. 

1. Characteristics. 

a. As to conditions. 

b. As to events. 

c. As to leaders. 

2. Three settlements. 

a. Edict of Amboise. 

b. Edict of Longjameux. 

c. Peace of St. Germain (1570). 

l>. The position of Coligny. 



— 33 — 
3- The massacre of St Bartholomew (1572). 

Hausser, xxvii. 

a. Charles IX and Colignv. 

b. Part of Catherine. 

c. Part of the Guises. 

d. Part of the Huguenots. 

e. Consequences. 

4. The wars continued. 

a. Number and general features. 

b. Rearrangement of parties; "The politicians." 

c. The Holy League. 

d. War of the three Henries. 

Jj'iinsscr, iu xxviii. 

5. Decline of the royal power. 

6. France under Henry IV (15S9-1610). 

Hausser, x.xix. IVal-c/iian, ii. 

a. Vv'inning the crown. 

1. Henry's enemies. 

2. His struggle against force. 

3. His struggle against opinion; embraces Catholi- 

cism (1593). 

b. Pacification of France. 

1. Henry's religious policy; Edict of Nantes (1598). 

2. War against Spain; Peace of Vervins (1598). 

c. Reorganization of administration and resources. 

1. Sully. 

2. Finances. 

3. Agriculture. 

4. Commerce. 

d. Henry's foreign projects. 

1. The "Christian Republic." 

2. War against Hapsburgs. 

a. Against Spain. 

b. Against Austria. 



— 34 — 
III. The Thirty Years' War. 

Giudtly. Gardiner. Andrews, ix. Ildasser, x.xx-xl. Fisher, pp. 421-433. 
Lod^e, X. M'akcmaii, iii-vi. 

I. Preparation for war. 

Gindely, vol. I, pp. 3-19. 

a. General situation in Germany after 1555. 
I/ausser yiix. lJ',t/:e;;:a//, in. Gardiner, I. 

1. Political disintegration. 

2. Conditions among the protestants. 

a. Political. 

b. Doctrin:il and ecclesiastical. 

3. Catholic revival. 

4. Unsettled questions. 

a. Inadequacy of the Peace of Augsburg. 

b. Position of the Calvinists. 

c. The ecclesiastical reservation. 

d. Secularizations. 

/>. Situation and policy of the Plapsburgs. 

Iliiitsser, xxxi. Gardiner, ii. 

1. Emperors after Cliarles V. 

2. The Hapsburg dominions. 

a. Imperial. 

b. Family. 

3. The Hapsburg government. 

a. In the empire. 

b. In family dominions. 

c. The Hapsburg ambition. 

4. Relations with Bohemia and Hungary. 

a. The Royal Charter (1609). 

b. Ferdinand king of Bohemia (1617). 

c. Constitutional difificulties. 

c. Steps taken in Germany. 



~ 35 — 

1. The affair of Donauworth (1607). 

2. The Caivinist union (1608). 

3. The Catholic league (1609). 

4. The Julich-Cleves-Berg succession (1609). 

2. The war begun; Bohemian-Palatinate period (161S-1623). 

I/aussci', xxxii. Wdkei/iau, iv. 

a. Deposition of King Ferdinand. 

b. Election of Frederick of the Palatinate (16 19). 

c. Character of the revolution. 

d. Defeat of the Bohemians (1620.) 

e. Spoliation of Frederic of the Palatinate. 

3. The Danish period (162 5-1 629). 

Hdusser, xxxii i. 

a. Christian of Denmark interferes. 

b. Rise of Wallenstein. 

c. Peace of Liibeck (1629). 

Ginddy, vol. I, in ix. 

d. Edict of Restitution (1629). 

Gindely, vol. I, in ix. 

1. Provisions. 

2. Conditions in which it fell. 

3. Spirit. 

4. Consequences. 

4. The Swedish period (i 630-1 635). 

Hdusser, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii. 

a. Gustavus Adolphus. 

Gindely, vol. II, pp. 433-438; also chaps, ii-iv, passim. 

1. His objects. 

2. Conditions he found in Germany. 

a. Wallenstein dismissed. 

b. Critical state of protestantism. 

c. Strength of imperialists. 

3. Factors he brought. 

4. Gustavus masters Germany. 



-36- 

^. Recall of Wallenstein. 

c. Battle of Liitzen and death of Gustavus (1632). 

d. Murder of Wallenstein. 

t'. Battle of Nordlingen (1634). 
/. Peace of Prague (1635). 

5. The political period (i 536-1648). 

Ildusscr, xxxvi, xxxix. 

a. Change in character of the war. 

b. Policy of Richelieu and Mazarin. 

c. Oxenstiern. 

a. Later course of the war. 

1. French, Swedish and German leaders. 

2. Militar)- and predatory features. 

6. The Peace of Westphalia (1648). 

Ila.'csscr, xl. Gindely, vol. II, x. Gardiner, in xi. 

a. Conditions leading up to it. 

1. Favoring circumstances. 

2. Opposing circumstances. 

3. Conclusive circumstances. 

b. Provisions. 

1. Religious and ecclesiastical. 

2. Political. 

c. Its importance. 

7. Results of the war. 

Gindely, vol. II, pp. 399-432. Gardiner, in xi. 

a. Material, social and economic. 

1. Influence of the military organization. 

Gindely, vol. II, xi. 

2. Destruction among the cities. 

3. Sufferings of the peasantry. 

4. Decrease in population. 

5. Fiat money and its consequences. 

b. Intellectual. 



37 

1. Schools and universities stopped. 

2. Mental activity narrowed. 

c. Religious. 

d. Political. 

1. Disintegration of the empire. 

2. Crippling of Germany and Austria. 

3. Advantage to Sweden and France. 

IV* The Puritan Revolution in England. 
V. The Struggle of Protestantism in France. 



PEEIOD or FEEIsrCH ASCEE'DE^CY. 

Under Louis XIII and Louis XIV. 



Bibliographies. — Adams, Manual of historical literature (catalogue desk). 
Andrcius, Institutes of general historv, references in chapters ix and x. 

Maps and tables. — In addition to the atlases and maps cited in preceding 
lists particular use may be made of two maps of eastern and central Europe in 
1 71 5, in Larned, IV, 2762. 

Eistories. — Andre^i's, Bain, Britannica, Gardiner, Geddes, Guizot, Duri'.y, 
Green, Hdnsser, KitcJiin, Lavisse, Lodge, MickeIet,Adyer;, Ploetz, Rankc, Wakenian, — 
as in preceding lists. 

Baird, The Huguenots and the revocation of the edict of Nantes (l. 14. 2. 4.1. 
Alartiu, History of France, age of Louis XIV, trans, by Mary L. Booth, (i. 14. i. i.j. 
Aloltke, Poland (i. 16. 5. 5.). Morfdl, Russia, in Story of the nations series, ( I. 17. 5. 5.) 
Perkins, France under Richelieu and Mazarin (i, 14. 2. 7.). Poole, Huguenots of 
the dispersion (i. 14. 2. 4.). Rambaud, The history of Russia (i. 17. 3.3.). Sckity- 
ler, Peter the Great (i. 17. 5. 2.). Voltaire, Historv of Charles XII (i. 16. 5. 6.). 

I. France under Louis XIII and Richelieu. 

Diiruy, History of France, xlviii; Modern times, xvii. Lodge, in xi. Baird, 
i-vii. 

1. Before Richelieu. 

a. At home. 

1. Regency and ministers. 

2. Struggles against nobles and protestants. 

3. Vv'eakness of central power. 

b. Abroad. 

1. Spanish marriages. 

2. V\'eakness of government. 

2. Ministry of Richelieu (i 624-1 642). 

Wakei?ia?i, in vi and vii. Perkins, iv-vi. 

a. View of his character and policy. 



— 39 — 

1. As to liome affairs. 

2. As to foreign affairs. 

b. His struggle against the Huguenots. 

Baird, vi. 

1. Necessity for it. 

2. Siege of La Rochelle. 

3. Peace of 41ais (1629). 

c. His struggle against the nobles. 

1. Necessity for it. 

2. New edicts. 

3. Repression of disturbances. 

4. Changes in governmental institutions. 

a. The central administration. 

b. Provincial administration. 

c. Royal despotism. 

d. His struggle against the Hapsburgs. 

e. Summary concerning Richelieu. 

II. Ministry of Mazarin (1642-1661). 

Duniy, History of France, xlix; Modern times, xx. Wakefnan, in vii. 
Lodge, in xi. Baird, viii. 

1. The regency and his accession. 

2. Character and policy. 

3. The Fronde. 

Perkins, ix, xi-xv. 

a. Its spirit. 

l). The old Fronde: constitutional aspects. 

c. The new Fronde: revolutionary aspects. 

4. His administration. 

5. Struggle against the Hapsburgs. 

Ferkins, xvi, xvii. 

a. The Austrian Hapsburgs. 

b. The Spanish Hapsburgs. 



— 40 — 

1. Policy of Spain. 

2. Peace of the Pyrenees (1659). 

a. Territorial provisions. 

b. Marriage of Louis XIV. 

c. Importance. 

6. Summary concerning Mazarin. 
III. France under Louis XIV. 

Duruy, xxi, xxii. 

1. France about 1661. 

a. Her position in Europe. 

1. At head of Europe. 

2. Territorial aggrandizement. 

3. Weakness of her enemies. 

b. Her home conditions. 

1. The nobility. 

2. The people. 

a. Consequences of the Fronde. 

b. Vincent de Paul. 

c. The king and the three orders. 

2. Louis and French absolutism. 

Dtiriiy, History of France, 1, lii. Wakcnian, ix. Martin, I, i, ii. 

a. Character of Louis. 

b. Divisions of his reign. 

c. Absolute monarchy. 

1. The kings theories. 

2. Councils, ministers, intendants. 

d. Louis' ministers. 

I. Colbert (1661-1683); finances. 

a. His training. 

b. His administration. 

I.) Finance. 
2.) Agriculture. 



— 41 — 

3-) Manufactures; the mercantile system. 

4.) Conmierce. 

5.) Navy. 

6.) Ju.stice. 

7.) Letters, science and the arts. 

2. Louvois, Vauban; the army and frontiers. 

a. Character and training. 

b. Discipline and organization of ttie army. 

c. Military administration. 

3. Hugh de Lionne (1661-167 1); diplomacy. 

a. His ability. 

b. His position and his policy. 

3. Period of success (1661-1678). 

Durtiy, Ili.story of France, li. IVakenian, x, and in .\i. Lodge, pp. 
216-231. 

a. War of Devolution. 

T. Cause. 

2. Theater and character of operations. 

3. The Triple Alliance. 

4. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668). 

d. War with Holland. 

1. The United Provinces. 

a. Their constitution. 

I.) Disintegrating forces. 
2.) Unifying principles. 

b. Their parties, — struggles and leaders. 

I.) Religious. 
2.) Political. 

2. Causes of the v/ar. 

a. Political. 

b. Commercial. 

c. Personal. 



— 42 — 

3- William of Orange. 

4. The Grand Alliance. 

5. Fields and main features. 

6. Peace of Nimwegen (1678). 
4. Period of mistakes (1678). 

Duruy, History of France, in lii. IVakeinaii, in xi. Zc^r/^'i?, pp. 231-236. 

a. Height of Louis' power. 

b. The court at Versailles. 

1. Position of the king. 

2. Louis' mistresses. 

3. Great men of the reign. 

4. Madame de Maintenon. 

c. Declaration of four articles (1682). 

d. The protestants. 

Baird, ix-xii. 

1. Policy of Louis. 

2. Persecution. 

a. By decrees. 

b. By force: the dragonnades. 

3. Revocation of Edict of Nantes (1685). 

a. Emigration. 

b. Consequences. 

e. The reunions. 

/. Assistance given the Stuarts. 

1. Policy of the Stuarts. 

2. Revolution of 1688. 

a. William IIL 

b. Declaration of Rights (1689). 

c. Consequences. 

I.) For England. 
2.) For Europe. 

g. Character and consequences of Louis' mistakes. 



— 43 — 

1. Tendency to arouse opposition. 

2. Tl^e league of Augsburg (1686). 

3. The Grand Alliance (1689). 
5. Period of reverses (1689-17 15). 

Duruy, History of France, in lii. U'akeman, in xi, and xiv and xv. 

a. War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697). 

1. Causes. 

2. Fields and features. 

3. Treaty of Turin. 

4. Peace of Ryswick (1697). 

d. War of the Spanish Succession. 
Lodge, pp. 244-261. 

1. Preliminary circumstances. 

IVakenian, xiv. 

a. Questions of the Spanish succession. 

I.) Legal aspect. 
2.) Political aspect. 

b. Partition treaties. 

I.) First (169S). 
2.) Second (1699). 

c. France and the will of Charles IL 

d. The Grand Alliance. 

I.) Louis' aggressive conduct. 
2.) Formation. 
3.) Purpose. 

2. Main features. 

IVakeman, xv. 

a. Fields of the war. 

b. Leaders. 

c. Principal military events: Battles of Blenheim 

(1704), Turin (1706), Ramillies (1706), 
Oudenarde (1708), Malplaquet (1709). 
x. Results. 



~ 44 — 

a. As outlined by treaties of Utrecht, Rastadt,' 
and Baden. 

b. Characterization of the settlement. 

c. Last years of Louis XIV. 

Lodge, pp. 261-266. 

IV. The Northern Nations. 

Wakemart, viii, xiii. Lodge, in xii, xiv. 

1. Denmark. 

a. Ambitions. 

b. Position among northern powers. 

2. Sweden. 

a. Ambitions. 

b. Position in history of northern nations. 

c. Under Oxenstiern and Queen Christina (i 632-1 654). 

1. Oxenstiern and Gustavus Adolphus. 

2. Constitution of 1634. 

3. Character of the Queen. 

d. Under Charles X (i 654-1 660). 

e. Situation at time of treaty of Oliva (1660). 
/. Under Charles XI (1660-1697). 

3. Brandenburg-Prussia. 

Lewis, History of Germany, in xxi. 

a. Before the Great Elector. 

1. Origin. 

2. Purchase by the Hohenzollern. 

3. Territorial decentralization, 

b. Under Frederic William, the Great Elector (i 640-1688). 

1. His environment. 

2. Specific aims. 

3. What he accomplished. 

a. By treaty of Westphalia (1648). 

b. By treaty of Oliva (1660). 

c. After treaty of Oliva. 



— 45 — 

c. Under Frederic (Elector Fred. Ill, 1688-1701; King 
Fred. I, 1 701-17 13). 

IVakanan, in xiii. 

1. Policy. 

2. Kingdom of Prussia. 

4. Rise of Prussia; decline of Sweden. 

Wakeman, in xiii. Lodge, xiv. Diiruy, Modern times, xxiv. 

a. Russia before Peter the Great. 

b. Peter the Great (1682-1725). 

Morfill, vii. 

1. His position in Russian history. 

2. Character. 

3. Domestic reforms. 

a. As to army and navy. 

b. As to religion. 

c. Various changes. 

4. Fall of Sweden. 

a. Charles XII (1697-1718). 

i). Sweden's prospects. 
2). Charles' policy. 

b. War against Russia. 

i). Pultowa (1709). 
2). Consequences. 

c. Peace of Nystadt (1720). 
V. Southeastern Europe. 

Wakemati, xii. Lodge, in xii. 

1. Question of the century. 

a. Statement. 

b. Opponents of the Turks. 

c. Compared with present "Eastern Question." 

2. Antecedent history of the Turks. 

6 



- 46 — 

a. Inherent defects. 

b. Suleiman the Magnificent (15 20-1 566). 

c. Beginning of decline. 

3. Features of the contest. 

a. Turkish revival; the Kiuprili. 

b. Part taken by the Poles. 

c. Defeat of the Turks; Sobieski. 

4. Settlement. 

a. Peace of Carlovitz (1699). 

b. Peace of Passarovitz (1718). 

VI. England in the 17th Century. 

Gardiner, passim xxxi-xli. Green, Short history of English people, viii, ix. 
Duruy, Modern times, xix, and in xxii. 

1. The Stuarts. 

a. Their ideas and policy. 
h. James I (1603-1625). 

c. Charles I (1625-1649). 

2. The Commonwealth (1649-1653). 

3. The Protectorate (1653-1660). 

a. Of Oliver Cromwell. 

b. Of Richard Cromwell. 

c. Military anarchy. 

d. The restoration (1660). 

4. Charles II (1660-1685). 

5. James II (1685-1688). 

a. English condition. 

b. Resolution of 1688. 

c. Declaration of Rights (1689). 

VII. Intellectual Life of the 17th Century. 

Duruy, Modern times, xxiii. 

1. Place occupied by France. 

2. Intellectual movement in France. 

Duruy, History of France, iiv. Martin, 1, iii; II, iii. 



— 47 — 

a. In literature. 

1. First period (to 1635). 

a. Character. 

b. Malherbe, Vaugelas, Balzac. 

c. Foiiudation of the French Academy (1635). 

2. Second period (1635-1661). 

a. Character. 

b. Corneille, Descartes, Pascal. 

3. Third period. 

a. Limits and character. 

b. Influence of the court. 

c. Royal protection. 

d. Bossuet, Madame de Sevign^, Moliere. 

e. Racine, Boileau. 

f. La Fontaine, La Bruyere, Fenelon. 

4. Fourth period; Regnard, Lesage, Fontenelle. 

b. In the arts. 

c. In philosophy. 

d. In science. 

3. Outside of France. 

a. In England; Shakespeare, Johnson, Milton, Dryden, 

Pope, Addison, Bacon, Locke, Hobbes, Newton, 

Flarvey. 
If. In Germany; Kepler. 
c. In the Netherlands; Spinoza, Rubens, Van D3xk, 

Rembrandt. 
^. In Italy; Galileo, Muratori. 

e. Spain; Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calderon, Velasquez, 

Murillo. 

VIII. Europe at the End of the 17th Century. 

1. Summary of conditions among western nations. 

2. In northern state-system. 

3. In southeastern Europe. 

4. Questions bequeathed to the i8th century. 



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